hawkantiques_____fine antique jewellery

The first "try" to obtain man made gemstones with the same chemical composition was performed by the French Gaudin, which obtained ruby crystals,  the beginning of 1837.

The process was perfected by the French Verneuil which starting from 1891 produced the first man made corundum suitable for cut as gemstone.

The corundum (ruby, sapphire) obtained with this procedure are mostly flawless, of beautiful color and have the same chemical composition - Al2O3 - the same hardness - 9 - and the same refractive index - 1,76/1,77 -

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